Activities in Nile Valley

Al Muharraq monastery Asyut Egypt tours, booking, prices

Al Muharraq monastery Asyut located 385 kilometer south of Cairo in Asyut, Egypt. In fact, Al Muharrq monastery is the Arabic translation of the “Burnt Monastery”. Moreover, The monastery also known as the Monastery pf the Holy Virgin Mary. In fact, the monastery burnt by the foreign invaders in the middle centuries. Moreover, the monastery is one of the few monasteries which not built in the desert of Egypt. In fact, the Holy Family traveled from Maadi to Upper Egypt by a boat. They reached the village of Qusquam (El Quseya) which lies 60 kilometer south of Asyut. The holy Family stayed six months at this village where they lived in a cave. In fact, the Monastery built on the site where the Holy Family settled.

The Angle of the Lord believed that he appeared to Joseph in a dream. He said to him “Arise, take the young child and his mother and go into the land of Israel”. (Matthew 2:20 & 21). The site indeed is holy to Egyptian Christians. Moreover, they call it “Second Bethlehem”. In fact, multitudes of pilgrims made the journey to the Al Muharraq monastery’s churches. It was from every district during the ancient times. Furthermore, the location is famous for signs and wonders. It said that the site healed many diseases. In fact, Al Muharraq monastery Asyut is one of the largest and most wealthy Coptic Monasteries in Egypt.

Further details about Al Muharraq monastery Asyut:

The walls of the compound enclose an area of 30 feddan. Furthermore, the monastery houses five churches and about 100 monks. Moreover, Al Muharraq monastery comprises a large library. The monastery indeed is a fine example of a fortified monastery. In fact, it is like many monasteries which located in the desert of Egypt. Thousands of pilgrims attend feasts to celebrate the consecration in the monastery. In fact, the consecration of the church of the Virgin is during June 18th and the 28th each year. This church built over the cave where the Holy Family stayed. Moreover, the church is one of the oldest churches in Egypt which built in the first century AC. The alter-stone dates back to 747 AC and located on the spot where the baby Jesus rested.

The Main Churches at Al Muharraq monastery Asyut:

The monastery houses the church of the Holy Virgin Mary. In fact, the church lies next to the square tower. Moreover, the church is the oldest church in the monastery and dates back to the first century AC. St. Pachomious was the one who built the original monastery around the church. In fact, the church predates Al Muharraq monastery by three centuries. Moreover, the ancient alter lies in the sanctuary of this church. In fact, the church is not the original, but it is ancient and supposed to be the same as that of the original. Pope Theophilus was the 23rd Coptic Patriarch of Alexandria. In fact, he wrote that he noticed that the church was small and simple. Because of the holiness of the site, he wished to build a great cathedral to replace the small church.

He voiced this wish in his prayers. In a vision the Holy Virgin Mary visited him and explained that the church was the will of her son. She added, the church should kept as it is, as a symbol of Christ’s humility. Moreover, before Christ’s Ascension, the Lord, the Disciples and she came together. They came upon a cloud to the small church to bless and dedicate it. In fact, it was the first liturgy which held in the church. The Nave inside of the church divided into three main sections. The first section is for the believers and the second for the penitents. Moreover, the third section is for the catechisms (people who are not baptized in the faith). The second church in Al Muharraq monastery Asyut is the church of St. George. In fact, the church located behind the church of the Holy Virgin.

Further details about Al Muharraq monastery churches:

In fact, this church built in 1880 AC. Moreover, the church houses many of religious paintings including that of the twelve apostles. The most notable characteristic of this church is its two high steeples. Another of its characteristic is the Byzantine Greek styled iconostasis. The third church in Al Muharraq monastery is the church of the Archangel Michael. In fact, this church renovated at the time of Patriarch Gabriel. Patriarch Gabriel was the 95th Patriarch of Alexandria (1525-1568 AC). Moreover, the church built on the upper level of the keep. The keep was a tower which protected the monks. In fact, it protected them from the invasion by barbarians or other foreign invaders.

In fact, the library of Al Muharraq monastery Asyut divided into two main sections. The first section contains thousands of modern books and reference material. In fact, they date back to the 19th and 20th centuries. Moreover, they cover religion, science and other subjects which written in various languages. In fact, they written in Coptic, Greek, Arabic, English and Amharic languages. The second section of the library contains hand-written manuscripts in Coptic and Arabic. In fact, these priceless manuscripts date back as early as the 13th century.

5 Days Nile cruise from Luxor to Aswan tours booking

5 days Nile cruise from Luxor to Aswan starts by the meeting at Luxor airport. In fact, the tour of 5 days Nile cruise from Luxor to Aswan includes a transfer by a private coach to the cruise. Embarkation will be before lunch. Lunch will be on the cruise board. And then, we will tour the awe inspiring Luxor temple. In fact, the temple founded in 1400 BC and built with sandstone. The area located in south-western Egypt. The tour itinerary will also include a visit to Karnak Temple. The temple comprises a vast mix of decayed temples, chapels, pylons, and other buildings. Building at the complex began in the reign of Sesostris I in the Middle Kingdom. It continued into the Ptolemaic period. And then, we will be back to the cruise. Dinner and overnight will be on the cruise board.

Optional Tour: Sound & Light Show at Karnak temple.

5 days Nile cruise from Luxor to Aswan day 2: Luxor – Edfu

Breakfast will be on the cruise board. It will be before we start 5 days Nile cruise from Luxor to Aswan day 2. And then, we cross to the west bank of the Nile to visit the Colossi of Memnon. The two massive stone statues of Pharaoh Amenhotep III. For the past 3400 years (since 1350 BC) they stood in the Theban necropolis, across the River Nile. And then, we will go to the Valley of Kings and Queens.

5 days Nile cruise from Luxor to Aswan will also include a visit to Hatshepsut Temple. The temple located beneath the cliffs at Deir el Bahari on the west bank of the Nile. It is near to the Valley of the Kings. The mortuary temple dedicated to the sun god Amon-Ra. Moreover, it located next to the mortuary temple of Mentuhotep II. Lunch will be on the cruise board. Sail to Edfu through Esna lock. Dinner and overnight will be also on the cruise board.

Day 3: Edfu – Kom Ombo – Aswan

Breakfast will be on the cruise board. It will be before we start 5 days Nile cruise from Luxor to Aswan day 3. Today we will visit Edfu’s beautiful preserved Temple of Horus. In fact, the temple is the best which preserved of all large Egyptian temples. It built by the Ptolemy’s. Lunch will be also on the Nile cruise board while sailing to Kom Ombo. In Kom Ombo, we will visit the Temple of Sobek the crocodile god, conveniently situated on the riverbank. And then, we will continue to Aswan. We enjoy a sumptuous Oriental Dinner and dance all night away to the Egyptian Galabeya Party. Overnight will be on the Nile cruise board.

Day 4: Aswan

Breakfast will be on the cruise board. It will be before we start 5 days Nile cruise from Luxor to Aswan day 4. Today we will we view the Aswan High Dam, an embankment dam situated across the Nile River in Aswan. And then we will visit the Unfinished Obelisk. In fact, the obelisk is much of the red granite. It used for the ancient temples and colossi. In fact, it came from quarries in the Aswan area. Around these quarries are many inscriptions, many of which describing successful quarrying projects. Lunch will be also on the Nile cruise board.

In fact, the tour itinerary also includes sailing by traditional Nile Felucca along the Nile river. The sailing will be to visit Elephantine Island. It will also include a visit to Philae Temple at Philae Island. In fact, Philae Island was a rocky island in the middle of the River Nile, south of Aswan. It called in Hieroglyphic “Apo” which means Ivory. Dinner and overnight will be on the Nile cruise board.

5 days Nile cruise from Luxor to Aswan day 5: Aswan – Disembarkation

Breakfast will be also on the Nile cruise board. Disembarkation will be after the breakfast. Transfer to Aswan airport.

** Optional Tour: Excursion to Abu Simbel temples either by private coach or by domestic flight.

Abu Simbel temples are 300 km southwest of Aswan. In fact, Abu Simbel complex is a part of UNESCO World Heritage Site. It known as the “Nubian Monuments” and runs from Abu Simbel downriver to Philae. Furthermore, The twin temples originally carved out of the mountainside. It was during the reign of Pharaoh Ramses II in the 13th century BC. They are a lasting monument to himself and his queen Nefertari. In fact, it was to commemorate his alleged victory at the Battle of Kadesh. Furthermore, it was also to intimidate his Nubian neighbors. The complex relocated in its entirety in 1968. It is now on an artificial hill. The hill made from a domed structure, high above the Aswan High Dam reservoir.

Aswan Bird Watching tours, booking, prices, reviews

Aswan Bird watching is one of the most unique experience in Aswan. In fact, birds important to Egypt since the time of the Pharoahs. It was when gods from Horus to Re depicted as hawks, ibis, falcons, and vultures. Over 70 different species of birds depicted on temples walls. In fact, today, over 100 different species of birds are indigenous to Egypt. The country is an important migration corridor which attracting over 280 species of birds. Millions of birds pass through the country on their way from Europe and Central Asia. In fact, it is on their way to eastern and southern Africa in the Fall and back in the Spring. There are many excellent places to watch the birds in Egypt.

We already arrange special multi-day visits to places like Burullus Lake and Gebel Elba. Moreover, we also do to Manzala Lake, Bardawil Lake, Suez and Fayoum Oasis. Furthermore, we also do to Ras Mohammad and Wadi El Natrun. In fact, Aswan has exceptional marshes and islands. The Bird watching in Aswan is wonderful to see the Green Heron and Egyptian Goose. Moreover, the bird watching in Aswan includes Lappet-faced and Egyptian Vultures. Furthermore, the bird watching in Aswan also includes King Fishers, Malachite King Fishers and Striated Herons. Aswan Birds watching include Little Bitten Herons, Night Herons and Little Green Bee Eaters. Moreover, Aswan Birds watching also include Nile Valley Sun-birds.

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In fact, Beyond Aswan bird watching opportunities, Aswan is also the home of a large number of Nubian. The ancient people of southern Egypt and northern Sudan settled here. It was after being re- locate from villages. In fact, it was when Nasser’s Lake created with the Aswan High Dam. Aswan is the home of the Nubian Museum which holds an amazing collection of Nubian artifacts. Aswan Bird watching include two-day Nubian bird-watching adventure. The adventure includes an exciting day out with one of the top bird experts in the region. It also includes a day tour to visit Nubian Village and the Nubian Museum. Sailing the Nile River on a Felucca gives you great bird watching opportunities.

Another tour of Aswan Birds Watching:

Picking you up will be with an expert Bird Guide from your departure point. And then, there will be a transfer on to a traditional felucca sailboat at the dockside in Aswan. In fact, you will set sail across the Nile from the East Bank to the West Bank of the Nile. It will be towards Lord Kitchener’s Island. From here, the bird guide will start to point out the locations of where you will see the birds. Whilst passing along the Island, there is beautiful flora and fauna. They are such as Hibiscus, bougainvillea and poinciana. Moreover, you will also see the acacia trees and mimosa all blooming in radiant colors.

And then, we will sail towards the Mausoleum of the Aga Khan. You will watch many more bird species wading in the waters of the Cataract Islands. Aswan Birds watching tour indeed is delightful tour for nature lovers. Finally, you will return to the dock in Aswan and transferred to your original pick up point.

Colossi of Memnon Luxor Egypt tours, booking, prices, reviews

Colossi of Memnon Luxor are two gigantic stone statues. They known as Colossi of Memnon since 1350 BC. In fact, the colossi guard the temple of Pharaoh Amenhotep III. It is where worshiped as a god-on-earth both before and after his departure from this world. Moreover, the massive statues, each about 20 meters high resemble Amenhotep III himself. They got their name after one of the statues, the right one to the north damaged in an earthquake. Colossi of Memnon Luxor are not the only massive statues of Pharaoh Amenhotep. In fact, in 2014, archaeologists unearthed two more statues of the pharaoh. The new statues of the pharaoh join a pair of already famous giants. It is at the temple which known as the Colossi of Memnon. They are 16 meter high images of King Amenhotep who seated on his throne. They also made of quartz.

Strabo is a Greek historian and geographer of the 1st century. He recorded an earthquake in 27 BC. It shattered the northern colossus, causing the upper section to fall away. For some reason, after it damaged, the statue of Colossi of Memnon Luxor would emit strange sounds in the morning. It possibly related to the heat of the Sun. Furthermore, Ancient Greeks tried to find an explanation for the sound and looked to the story of Memnon by Homer. Memnon was a hero of the Trojan War, a King of Ethiopia. He led his armies from Africa into Asia Minor. It was to help defend the beleaguered city but slain by Achilles. After his death, he reappeared in a statue in Thebes. It is after given immortality by Zeus and cried every morning with the rising of the Sun.

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The damage to the statue created a fissure in the rock. It made it “sing” or “whistle” every morning at dawn. Thought that this caused by the evaporation of dew inside the porous rock. Moreover, the sounds led to the birth of the legend of the “Vocal Memnon”. According to the legend, hearing the sound brought good luck. It believed that the statue was an oracle. Several Roman Emperors, came to marvel at the Colossi of Memnon Luxor. The last recorded reliable mention of the sound dates from 196. Later in the Roman era, the upper tiers of sandstone added and the sound vanished.

Not only are Colossi of Memnon Luxor high, they are also heavy. Each of the colossi weighs around 700 ton. They made from blocks of quartz sandstone. It quarried at The Red Mountain. It is near to modern Cairo. They transported 675 km overland to Thebes (Luxor). The temple of Pharaoh Amenhotep III today completely destroyed. It first ruined by flood waters and later cannibalized for its stone. In fact, the colossi damaged as well, lacking their faces and tall royal crowns. Yet, these ancient statues are still impressive. Their presence attests to the greatness of the ancestors.

Dreamland Golf Course Cairo Egypt ours, booking, prices, reviews

Dreamland golf course Cairo located only few minutes from the Great Pyramids of Giza. In fact, the site designed by the famous Golf architect Karl Litten. Dreamland golf course indeed is one of the longest in Egypt. Moreover, it has a special pharaonic touch. The actual Giza pyramids are visible from some holes. The holes themselves have called names like Ramses the First! Challenges include mounding, lakes, trees and sand areas. Furthermore, the course features Indiana Jones inspired clubhouse. It is an attraction itself. It houses waterfalls, rocks, bridges and a wooden terrace on stilts. The resort also houses a state-of-the-art Spa & Wellness Center. It is on site at the Hilton Pyramids Hotel. It is where one can enjoy reinvigorating treatments.

You also can enjoy some quality pampering time with the help of massage professionals. Dreamland golf course features 18 holes, par 72 and 7,205 yards. It also features 9 holes, par 36, 3,532 yards. The facilities include Caddies, trolleys and club rental. They also include 2 food and beverage halfway houses on the Championship Course. It is besides to Golf academy. They also include PGA instructors, lessons, floodlit driving range, putting and practice greens.

Further details about Dreamland golf course Cairo:

Dreamland golf course is near to Dream Park. Dream park is the leading amusement Park in Egypt & the Middle East. The Park established in 1999. It designed by The Famous Canadian Architecture Company. It is Forrec, designed Universal Studios and Mall of America. Dream park is a member of IAAPA. It is International Association of Amusement Parks and attractions). You can go amuse your self to that park after a golfing day. The course is also near El-Hassana Dome National Park. It created by contortions of the earth’s crust that caused Cretaceous limestone. It is 135 million years old. You can also have a look on the national Park before you start your golfing day.

Dreamland golf course Cairo is near Hilton Pyramids Spa. It is an ode to luxury and serenity, tinted by thousands of years of Ancient Egyptian history. The hotel’s on site spa dedicated to the well-being of guests. They will feel transformed into Egyptian gods. It is only for the duration of a treatment. You can go there enjoying it after a golfing day. The course is also near to Giza Plateau. Giza Plateau located only a few kilometers south of Cairo. It is several hundred meters from the last houses in the southernmost part of the city proper. Giza Plateau is where a limestone cliff rises from the other side of a sandy desert plateau. You can start your day by a short visit to Giza Plateau before you start your golfing day at Dreamland.

Contact: opr@dreamlandgolf.com, +(202) 3855 31 64 (Golf Tee Time), (+20) 100177 3410 (Reservation)

Chephren Pyramid Cairo Egypt tours, booking, prices, reviews

Chephren Pyramid Cairo also called Khafre Pyramid. In fact, it is the second-tallest and second-largest of the Ancient Egyptian Pyramids. Khafre Pyramid is the tomb of the Fourth-Dynasty pharaoh Khafre (Chefren). He ruled from 2558 to 2532 BC. In fact, it often called the “Second Pyramid”. The pyramid built next to the Great Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops). In fact, Chephren is the son and successor of Khufu and Hensuten. Khufu’s other son and also Ra’djedef, started constructing his own pyramid at Abu Rawash. It is north of Giza. Chephren pyramid or Khafre Pyramid designed more modestly than Khufu’s. Moreover, the pyramid originally was 10 feet (3 m) shorter and 48 feet (14.6 m) more narrow at the base.

In fact, the estimated weight of all the stones in Chephren Pyramid Cairo or Khafre pyramid is 4,880,000 tons. Because it built higher on the plateau, the pyramid looks taller from most angles than Khufu’s pyramid. Furthermore, the slope of the angles is higher, 53 degrees in comparison to Khufu’s 51 degrees. In fact, there is no evidence that anyone ever buried in the main chamber. Moreover, no inscriptions found in the pyramid or Khafre Pyramid. There is a sarcophagus in the main chamber. There are also two entrances that lead into the pyramid. They placed one above the other. The upper entrance features 50 feet (15 m) above the ground. This is the one that used for entrance now. Furthermore, a narrow passage leads into a large limestone chamber. This passageway descends at a 25 degree angle to the chamber.

Further details about Chephren Pyramid in Cairo:

In fact, the walls lined with red granite. This inner chamber is quite large, 14.2 m x 5 m x 6.9 m. Moreover, the roof of the chamber set at the same angles as the pyramid face. It designed to take the weight of the pyramid, as is the relieving chambers in Khufu’s pyramid. The roof designed this way has worked, Chephren pyramid Cairo has not collapsed. The lower corridor is directly under the upper corridor. It once contained a portcullis, which could let down to prevent entry. This corridor declines on the same angle as the upper and eventually joins into the upper. Once joined, the passageway leads into the inner chamber. Located in the lower passage is a burial chamber. In fact, It unfinished and unused. It is in the bedrock under the pyramid.

The passageway also leads through this chamber and joins the upper corridor. The top of the Pyramid or Khafre Pyramid still has some of the limestone casing. In fact, it once covered the entire the pyramid. There is maybe a change in the method of positioning the blocks that has kept these pieces still intact. It indeed gives the appearance of a white cap on top of the Pyramid. Khufu’s pyramid, Chephren pyramid looted before it entered in 1818 by Belzoni. Furthermore, the Mortuary Temple of Chephren is to the east of the pyramid. It indeed better preserved than Khufu’s temple. Chephren’s temple is more elaborate. It is although the statues and other contents have stolen than his father’s.

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Some of the limestone walls had granite casing, which is still present in some places. Parts of a small sanctuary, outhouses and a courtyard and a large hall with pillars still remain. Moreover, a causeway connects the Mortuary temple to the Valley Temple. It indeed better preserved than any other causeway. Furthermore, it hidden in the sands until Mariette found it in 1852. The causeway of Chephren Pyramid Cairo is also 500 m long. In fact, it lined with red granite which protects the limestone. Moreover, there are two entrances to the temple that face east. They lead into a T-shaped hall which has huge pillars. Twenty-three statues of Chephren also found in this hall. In fact, the only one which remains intact is in the Egyptian Museum. This statue is indeed the most famous Egyptian statue.

It shows Chephren sitting in his throne with a hawk perched on the back of the throne. Chambers can found on the south side of the hall at Chephren Pyramid Cairo. The passage which joined the causeway now closed off to visitors. Moreover, two entrances lead to the burial chamber. One that opens 11.54 m (38 ft) up the face of Chephren pyramid. The other one opens at the base of the Pyramid. These passageways do not align with the center line of Khafre pyramid. Rather, they offset to the east by 12 m (39 ft). The lower descending passageway carved completely out of the bedrock. It also descends, runs horizontal and then ascending. In fact, this is to join the horizontal passage leading to the burial chamber.

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In fact, there is an explanation why there are two entrances. It is that the pyramid intended to be much larger with the northern base. The northern base shifted 30 m further to the north. It which would make Chephrine pyramid Cairo much larger than his father’s. This would place the entrance to the lower descending passage. It is within the masonry of the pyramid. The bedrock cut away farther from the pyramid on the north side than on the west side. In fact, there is no enough room on the plateau for the enclosure wall and Chephren pyramid Cairo terrace. Furthermore, there is a subsidiary chamber. It equals in length to the c.412  long King’s Chamber of the Khufu pyramid.

The chamber opens to the west of the lower passage, the purpose of which is uncertain. It maybe used to store offerings, store burial equipment or it was a Serdab chamber. The upper descending passage is clad in granite and descends. It is to join with the horizontal passage to the burial chamber. The burial chamber carved out of a pit in the bedrock. However, the roof constructed of gabled limestone beams. The chamber is rectangular, 14.15 m by 5 m (46.4 ft x 16 ft). In fact, it also oriented east-west. Khafre’s sarcophagus carved out of a solid block of granite. It sunk partially in the floor. Belzoni found bones of an animal, possibly a bull in it. Another pit in the floor likely contained the canopic chest. Its lid would have been one of the pavement slabs.

The Valley Temple:

The valley temple of Khafre’s Giza complex is one of the best preserved Old Kingdom temples in Egypt. As a masterful work of ancient Egyptian monumental architecture, it cleared of sand. In 1869 this temple became the backdrop for the ceremonial opening of the Suez Canal. The temple fronted on the east by a large terrace. It paved with limestone slabs, through which two causeways led from the Nile canal. In the middle of the terrace, fragments of a small, wood and matting structure unearthed. They are the location of a statue depicting Khafre. Others believe that this was a tent which used for purification purposes.

In 1995, Zahi Hawass re-cleared the area in front of the Valley temple. He discovered that the causeways passed over tunnels. They framed with mud-brick walls and paved with limestone. These tunnels have a slightly convex profile resembling that of a boat. They formed a narrow corridor or canal running north-south. In front of the Sphinx Temple, the canal runs into a drain. It leads northeast to a quay buried below the modern tourist plaza. The causeways connected the Nile canal with two separate entrances. The entrances are on the Valley temple facade. They sealed by huge, single-leaf doors. They made of cedar wood and hung on copper hinges. Each of these doorways protected by a recumbent Sphinx.

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The northern of these portals dedicated to the goddess Bastet. The southern portal dedicated to Hath. The temple laid out in almost a square ground plan. It situated just next to the Great Sphinx and its associated temple. Valley temple was a gateway or portal to the whole complex. It is like to the fore part of Khafre’s mortuary temple. Its core wall built of huge blocks that sometimes weighed as much as one hundred and fifty tons. This inner core then covered by pink granite slabs. A material used throughout the complex quarried near Aswan far to the south. This wall inclined and rounded at the top. It made the whole structure appear somewhat like a Mastaba tomb. Between the two entrances to the valley temple was a vestibule. It is with walls of simple pink granite that polished to a luster. Its floors paved with white alabaster.

A door then led to a T-shaped hall that made up a majority of the temple. This area too sheathed with polished pink granite and paved with white alabaster. It also adorned with sixteen single block pink granite pillars. They supported architrave blocks of the same material. They bound together with copper bands in the form of a swallow’s tail. These in turn supported the roof. On the south side of the roof was a small courtyard. It situated directly over six storage chambers. It built of pink granite and arranged in two stories of three units each. These embedded in the core masonry of the T shaped hall. At the other end of the cross in the T shaped hall (north), an opening gave way to a passage. It also paved with alabaster. It leads to the northwest corner of the temple and there joined the causeway.

The Cult Pyramid:

A small cult pyramid sits on the axis of the south side of Chephren Pyramid Cairo. It almost completely destroyed. Cult, or Satellite pyramids derived from the south tomb of Djoser’s complex at Saqqara. They were for the burial of statues which dedicated to the Ka, or spiritual double of the king. The cult pyramid surrounded by its own enclosure wall. It has a simple substructure. Furthermore, it consists of a descending corridor that gives way to an underground chamber. It features a T-shaped ground plan.

Furthermore, this chamber contained bits of wood and carnelian beads. It also contains fragments of animal bones and vessel lids. Maragioglio and Rinaldi concluded that it served as a tomb for one of Khafre’s consorts. Stadelmann opposed this view, believing that it was a cult pyramid. His opinion supported by the cult pyramid attached to Khufu’s complex. It is on its southeast corner.

Dendera temple Luxor Egypt tours, prices, booking, reviews

Dendera temple Luxor located about 60 kilometers north of Luxor. It is on the west bank of the Nile River and  opposite the provincial modern. Along with Dendera temple itself, there is also a necropolis. The necropolis includes tombs of the Early Dynastic Period. The most important phase that has identified was the end of the Old Kingdom. It is besides to the 1st Intermediate Period. In fact, the provinces were autonomous at that time and. Dendera was not a leading political force in Upper Egypt. Its notables built many Mastabas of some size. Though only one has any decoration apart from stelae and false doors. Moreover, on the west end of Dendera temple site are brick which vaulted catacombs.

In fact, the catacombs are of Late Period animal burials, birds and dogs. It is while cow burials found at various points in the necropolis. Of course, this was a significant site for the Hathor cult, whose forms included a cow. Dendera temple complex oriented toward the Nile, which here flows east-west. The temple faces north. Dendera temple Luxor main area fronted by several Roman Period kiosks. Monumental gateway of Domitian and Trajan set in a massive mud-brick enclosure wall. It surrounded the complex, and leads to an open area. The site lacks a colonnade. Moreover, there are two pylons which ought to precede the inner temple.

Further details about Dendera temple Luxor:

An unfinished inner enclosure wall of stone surrounds a courtyard with side entrances. Moreover, it opens before the large hypo-style hall added in the 1st century AC by the emperor Tiberius. Dendera temple proper is the Roman Period birth house of Dendera on the west. It perhaps built by Nero, though more by Trajan. Although the dedication inscriptions refer to Trajan, Nero depicted. It is in the main hypo-style hall of the of the Hathor temple, offering the model of a birth house. In fact, it the latest preserved temple of its type. Furthermore, the new sanctuary well designed and followed Ptolemaic models. In fact, it was to match the level of the Hathor temple, the new building erected on a high platform. Furthermore, a temporary access staircase led up at the side of the platform.

In fact, the roofing slabs not positioned. They beneath the level of the cavetto molding around the buildings top. But would have hidden by a parapet wall. Moreover, the core building contains a sequence of three rooms. Two corridors that isolate the large sanctuary are notable. These passages are too narrow to use. They added for symbolic and optical effect. Furthermore, the rear wall of the sanctuary dominated by an enormous false door. It framed by a double cavetto molding on slender columns and topped by an uraeus frieze. A cult niche high up in the wall corresponds to the location of the statue niche. In fact, the statue niche is in the sanctuary of the main temple. In fact, Dendera temple Luxor scenes depict Trajan, Augustus’ later successor, making offerings to Hathor. They are among the finest to found in Egypt.

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It was the ritual location where Hathor gave birth to the young Ihy or Harsomtus. They are two alternative youthful deities. Moreover, they stand for the youthful phase of creator gods in general. There are also figures of the god Bes and a patron of childbirth. It carved on the abaci above the column capitals. In fact, the reliefs on the exterior walls preserved. They portray the divine birth and childhood of the infant Horus. It is whose rites legitimize the divine descent of the king. The birth house surrounded by an ambulatory. The composite capitals of the columns carry high pillars with Bes figures. The frontal ambulatory extended by the addition of three columns. It is into a kind of kiosk, with the front corners which formed by L-shaped pillars. The kiosk had a timbered roof that somehow must connected to the stone structure of the birth house.

This merging of the ambulatory with a kiosk is a novelty. At older birth houses, a court attached as a separate structure. The Roman Birth House (mammisi) built when the earlier structure, begun by Nectanebo I. It decorated in the Ptolemaic Period. Moreover, it cut through by the foundation of the unfinished first court of the main temple of Hathor. Only a false door at the eastern exterior wall of the main Dendera temple. It reminds one of the original sanctuary. This birth house measured about 17 by 20 meters. Furthermore, it consisted of a triple shrine opening to a transverse hall. Moreover, it built mainly of brick but received an interior stone casing. Within this older structure, the walls of the wide hall depict the Ptolemaic kings. In fact, they offer to Hathor.

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A scene on the north wall shows the creator god Khnum fashioning the child, Ihy. It is with Hekat the goddess of childbirth which seen in her image as a frog. In fact, both birth houses are now accessible and differ in plan and decoration. Between the new and old birth houses are the remains of a Christian basilica. In fact, they date back to the 5th century AC. It is indeed an excellent example representative of early Coptic church architecture. South of the earlier birth house is a mud-brick. This sanatorium is the only one of its type known in association with an ancient Egyptian temple. Here, visitors could bathe in the sacred waters or spend the night to have a healing dream of the goddess. It had benches around its sides where the sick rested while waiting for cures affected by the priests.

The water poured over magical texts on the statues. It caused it to become holy and to cure all sorts of diseases and illnesses. Moreover, basins used to collect the holy water can still seen at the western end. To the west of the sanatorium, a small chapel of Nebhepetre’ Mentuhotep. It dates back to the 11th Dynasty, recovered from the site and re-erected in the Cairo Museum. In fact, Dendera temple Luxor is the grandest and most decorated of its period. Moreover, it is also indeed one of the most important temple sites of Egypt. Dendera temple provides examples of a rich variety of later temple features. Moreover, it also one of the best preserved temples of this period. In fact, it is despite the destruction of the temples of Hathor’s consort Horus and their child Ihy. The child statue stood close by.

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The massive foundations contain many blocks from the earlier structure it replaced. Early texts refer that Dendera temple rebuilt during the Old Kingdom and several New Kingdom monarchs. They include Thutmose III, Amenhotep III, Ramses II and III. In fact, fragments of earlier periods found on the site, but there have no earlier buildings unearthed. Pepi I and Thutmose III in particular recalled in the new temple’s inscriptions. The temple of Hathor constructed over a period of thirty-four years, between 54 and 20 BC. When Ptolemy XII died in 51 BC, the temple was still in its early stages. It was after four years of building activity, although it contained some underground crypts. In fact, It seems that the rest of the temple built during the twenty one year reign of his successor.

The successor was Queen Cleopatra VII. At the time of her death in 30 BC, the decoration work just begun. It was on the outer rear wall. In fact, Dendera temple Luxor plan is classical Egyptian. Moreover, it enclosed by a 35 by 59 meter wall standing 12.5 meters high. The facade of the hypo-style hall that fronts the main temple constructed as a low screen. It is with inter-columnar walls exposing the hall’s ceiling and the Hathor style sistrum capitals of its 24 columns. This part of the temple built under Tiberius between 34 and 35 AD. In fact, it is according to a dedication inscription on the cornice thickness above the entrance. The structure measures 26.03 by 43 meters and is 17.2 meters high. Moreover, it has an 8 meter long architrave and towering cavetto built from one course.

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The massive volume of the corner tori cast heavy shadows and articulate the edges of the facade. A sistrum is an ancient Egyptian musical instrument associated with Hathor. Each column bears a four-sided capital. It occupies about one third of the column height. Moreover, it carved with the face of the cow-eared goddess. Every one of the faces vandalized in antiquity. Furthermore, the shafts decorated with scenes and their straight bases stand on flat plinths. The paint, which still preserved in the 19th century, dominated by the blue of Hathor’s wig. The ceiling of this hall retains much of its original color. It decorated as a complex and aligned symbolic chart of the heavens. Moreover, it also includes signs of the zodiac and images of the sky goddess Nut.

Nut swallows the sun disc each evening to give birth to it once again at dawn. The outer hypo-style hall decorated by emperors ranging from Augustus to Nero. At the center of the south outside wall was a relief of a sistrum. It gilded, both to show its importance and to evoke Hathor, the “gold of the gods”. Moreover, a doorway aligned to the central axis of Dendera temple Luxor. In fact, it leads from the large hypo-style hall into an inner hall with six Hathor columns. It known as the hall of appearances. It was here that the statue of the goddess “appeared” from her sanctuary for religious ceremonies and processions. The front wall of this hall was actually the facade of the original temple. Lighting within the hall provided through small and square apertures. The chamber has columns in two rows of three and also Hathor heads.

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The bases and the lower parts of the drums made of granite, while the upper parts are of sandstone. There are scenes on the walls of this hall. In fact, they depict the king participating in the foundation ceremonies for the construction of the temple. Moreover, on either side doors open into three chambers. They used as preparation areas for various aspects of the daily ritual. For example, one room used as a laboratory for preparation of ointments. An opening through the outer eastern wall allowed offering goods to brought into this area. A parallel passage from one of the western chambers led to a well. The rear part of the Dendera temple built first in the early 1st century BC. Moreover, the earliest king named is Ptolemy XII Auletes. The cartouches are blank because of dynastic struggles in the mid 1st century.

This inner core included an offering hall, in which sacrifices dedicated. A “hall of the Ennead” where statues of other deities assembled. It is with Hathor before a procession began. These followed by a 5.7 by 11.22 meter barque shrine. It once enclosed the four barques of Hathor, Horus of Edfu, Harsomtus and Isis. They which not enclosed by wooden shrines. After this small chamber there is the sanctuary of the goddess herself. Moreover, it embellished by a splendid, temple-like facade topped by a cavetto. It is with an uraeus frieze. Inside the sanctuary of Dendera temple, an decorated wooden naos. It held the gilded, two meter high seated cult image of Hathor. The naos stood in a niche of the rear wall. It not known how the niche, three meters above the pavement, could reached.

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To either side of the this inner sanctuary, the king depicted. He offers a copper mirror, one of Hathor’s sacred emblems to the goddess. About the central sanctuary on its sides and rear located eleven chapels. They dedicated to the other deities who associated with Hathor’s chief attributes. Within Dendera temple Luxor the most distinctive parts are indeed the fourteen crypts. Eleven of them decorated and far surpass those of other temples. The inclusion of accessed crypts in temples dates back to the 18th Dynasty. By the Late Period crypts included in the architectural design of most temples. These are suites of rooms on three stories. They set in the thickness of the outside wall. The beneath the floors of the chambers in the rear part of the temple.

The elongated, narrow chambers and passages arranged one above the other. It is with the lowermost laid deep within the temple foundations. Access gained through trapdoors in the pavement and behind hidden sliding wall blocks. Unlike other crypts, those at Dendera decorated in relief. The decorations in these chambers conforms to the temple’s axis. The most important reliefs, among which sistra are prominent, were on the axis itself. These rooms decorated before the roof blocks set. On the roof in the southwest corner is a kiosk. It is in which the ritual of the goddess’s union with the sun disk performed. It has four Hathor columns on each side. Sockets in its architraves suggest a barrel-shaped timber roof. It is with a double hull and segmented pediment.

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Though for its purpose it must had roof windows to let in the sun’s rays. In the floor of the chapel one may also note the light well for the Horus chapel below. The ba of Hathor would have taken from its hiding place to the roof of the temple. It is for the significant New year’s festival which celebrated. It is where it spent the night before beholding the rising sun in a symbolic union with the solar disc. The staircase to the west of the offering hall used by the priests to ascend to the roof. It has ascending figures of the king and various priests. It with the shrine of the goddess carved on its right hand wall. These representations depict various aspects of the New Year’s festival.

The stairway to the east has corresponding scenes of descending figures. It used for the procession’s return. There is also a pair of parallel shrines on the roof’s eastern and western sides which dedicated to Osiris. They concealed in a kind of mezzanine floor. Both of these sanctuaries have open courts, surrounded by a cavetto. From the rear wall of the court, three doors lead into two succeeding chambers. In the inner of the two rooms, Isis and Nephthys shown mourning the death of Osiris. Osiris lies on his funerary bier waiting to resurrected by magical rituals. Isis is also depicted, impregnated with the seed of her son Horus as the myth unfolds.

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A corresponding suite on the eastern side of the roof depicts the lunar festival of Khoiakh. It is in which an “Osiris bed” filled with earth and grain seed as part of an important fertility rite. The walls of the first room show scenes of the burial goods of Osiris. It included his canopic jars. On the ceiling Nut shown with other astronomical figures. On the other half of the ceiling is a plaster copy of the famous “Dendera Zodiac”. It representing the cospic aspect of the Osiris mysteries. The original is now in the Louvre in Paris. The inner room depicts scenes from the Osiris myth. They are like to that of the western suite as well as reliefs of cosmic importance.

Dendera considered one of Osiris’ many tombs and the shrines, which have no link with Hathor. It used to celebrate his death and resurrection. His death maybe re-enacted. It is at the sacred lake to the west of the temple. The roof of the hypo-style hall reached by another flight of steps. It is with various gods which carved along its wall. This highest area of Dendera temple used in antiquity by pious pilgrims. Pious pilgrims who awaited signs and miracles from the goddess. There remain gaming boards carved into the stone blocks. They helped these faithful pass the time during their vigils.

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On the rear outside wall of Dendera temple beneath the two lion-headed waterspouts. There are also three more on each of its side walls. Drained rainwater from the roof are scenes. They showing the massive figure of Cleopatra VII and her son by Julius Caesar, Caesarion. He became the great queen’s co-regent as Ptolemy XV. At the center of the wall is the large False Door. It is with a gigantic emblem of Hathor and diminished over the centuries by pilgrims who scraped at it. It is to get a little of the sacred stone at a point. The point is where they could come closest to Hathor herself. This is the location of the “hearing ear” shrine. It is which allowed the goddess to “hear” the prayers of common folk.

Immediately south of the Hathor temple is the temple of Isis. It known as the Iseum. It used foundation blocks from a destroyed Ptolemaic building and decorated under Augustus. The east gateway leads to this temple. It is almost unique in having a dual orientation with the outer rooms. The hypo-style hall facing east and the inner ones north toward the temple of Hathor. The central high relief in the sanctuary showed Isis giving birth. It has mutilated. Within the rear wall of the sanctuary a statue of Osiris (now destroyed). It supported by the arms of Isis and Nephthys. At the temple’s southwest corner, lies the compound’s sacred lake. It provided water for the priests’ ablutions. It has flights of stairs descending from each corner.

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It is stone-lined ceremonial basin. In fact, it the best preserved of its type in any Egyptian temple. Today, it is empty of water and tall trees grow within its walls. Next to the lake is a well with rock-cut steps. The steps lead down to give access to water for daily use in the temple. East of the temple was a part of the town. It which the temple texts mention as having a temple of Horus of Edfu in its midst. This may be the same as some remains of the Roman Period about 500 meters from the main enclosure. The triads of deities worshiped at Edfu and at Dendera were similar. They consist of Horus, Hathor (or Isis) and Ihy or Harsomtus. Hathor of Dendera and Horus of Edfu met at a sacred “marriage” ceremony. It was when she made a progress to the south.

How to Get to Dendera temple Luxor:

A few years ago Dendera temple closed to visitors. Its cafeteria and gift shops almost derelict. It is now once more a thriving tourist attraction which often incorporated into the itinerary of a Nile Cruise. The temple can reached by taxi or coach tour from Luxor. Tickets at the gate cost 55 Egyptian pound.

Deir El Medina Luxor Egypt tours, booking, prices, reviews

Deir El Medina Luxor is the Arabic name of a village in the Theban necropolis. In fact, Deir El Medina Luxor once occupied by the pharaohs’ tomb builders. It also occupied by the artisans of New Kingdom Thebes. It’s name means “Monastery of the Town”. In fact, it derives from the Coptic monks who occupied the Ptolemaic temple there. It was during the early Christian period. In ancient times Deir El Medina known as “Set Ma’at” (the Place of Truth) or “Pa-demi” (the town). We do not know exactly when the Deir founded. Bricks discovered in the original enclosure wall stamped with Thutmose I name. It is although Queen Ahmose-Nefertari and her son Amenhotep I revered by the inhabitants. They are of early Dynasty XVIII.

In fact, a cult temple of Amenhotep I situated at the northern end of the village. Little known about the earliest settlement here which destroyed by fire. But later during the reign of Horemheb the houses restored and the village expanded. The remaining structures in Deir El Medina today date back to Dynasties XVIII, XIX and XX. There were excavations, restorations and study in recent years. They carried out by the French Institute of Oriental Archaeology (IFAO). Deir El Medina yielded a huge amount of information. It is about the daily lives of the inhabitants, their families and relationships. Moreover, it is also about their working and living conditions. A great deal of textural material in the form of papyri and Ostraka have found. Ostraka is large flakes of limestone or pottery sherds which used for sketches and jottings.

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In fact, a massive collection of figured Ostraca recovered. It is especially from “the Great Pit”, a wide deep hole to the north of the Temple of Hathor. It thought that the pit dug by the villagers in search of water. Such settlement sites are indeed rare. There were discoveries of similar communities at Giza. They date back to the Old Kingdom and Kahun, from the Middle Kingdom. They together with Deir El Medina build a picture of the lives of the common people of ancient Egypt. In fact, the community at the Deir consisted of the workers and craftsmen. They employed in the construction of the New Kingdom royal Tombs of Valley of Kings. It occupied an area of around two hectares. with seventy dwellings enclosed within the original walls. It is about fifty more outside during the Ramesside period.

The residential area approached from the northern end. It is where a well located and had a broad central street. The street runs north to south with houses on either side. Moreover, the houses at Deir El Medina all built to a similar plan from mud bricks. They were with four small rooms. An internal staircase leads to a terrace or upper room and sometimes a cellar. Furthermore, the flat roofs constructed from planks of wood from palm tree. The internal walls plastered with gypsum and painted white and floors were of stone. Moreover, there was a large brick structure in the corner of the entrance hall. It entered by a short flight of steps. Thought to be either a domestic shrine or a bed platform. It used in childbirth (or perhaps both combined). The platform would often decorated with depictions of the god Bes.

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In fact, God Bes who associated with childbirth as well as being a household god. The main room lit by high clerestory windows. It had a low raised platform and stelae. They dedicated to ancestor cults and to Meretseger, goddess of the Theban necropolis. Moreover, a storage area also used as sleeping quarters. A kitchen area with an oven and an open roof was at the rear of the house. Furthermore, the door lintels and jambs of the houses painted red. They often inscribed with the name of the inhabitant’s family. They seem to have inherited by family members. The family members who usually carried on the position or trade of the householder. They elevated their position, the grander their house. The community isolated and had little contact with the outside world. In fact, it was maybe for security reasons.

They governed by the Vizier of Upper Egypt. His local representative was the “Scribe in the Place of Truth” or “Scribe of the Tomb”. The tomb builders assigned to two gangs.  In fact, they worked on the left side or the right side of the royal Tombs. Each gang or “Iswt” was responsible for the work on their own side under a foreman. Each gang consisted of stonemasons, droughts men, artists, carpenters and sculptors. Moreover, they had their own deputies, guards and door keepers. The door keepers were responsible for the security of the workplace and discipline of the men. The workmen guarded by the “Medjay” or necropolis guards. The tomb builders walked to the Kings Valley over the mountain on paths. The paths still used today. Perhaps they spent part of their shift sleeping in “stopover villages”.

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The workmen paid in grain and other provisions such as fish, vegetables, water oil and salt. On special occasions such as festivals, they given a holiday and bonuses. The bonuses consisted of extra rations of food such as meat or poultry and other “luxuries”. When work on a royal tomb slowed down the workers laid off for a time. Records show that the craftsmen would often have employed in more menial tasks. They also supplemented their income by taking private commissions. The private commissions enabled the workers to construct Tombs and burial goods. It was for themselves and their families. This worked on the principle of bartering their skills. Many Ostraca have found which record the buying and selling of goods. It was between the inhabitants of the village.

There are also records of disputes at Deir El Medina. They were in the village inevitable in a small isolated community. One such dispute recorded between two individuals, Amen-nakht and Paneb. It was over the office of foreman after the death of Amen-nakht’s brother. There were also disputes over settlement of property theft and blasphemy. During the reign of Ramses III a labor strike by the workmen considered necessary. It was after a long period of reduced rations. The strike seems to have produced the desired result. More provisions soon made available. It was to be the first of several such strikes over pay and conditions. Deir El Medina Luxor had its own judiciary system. It comprised of leading members of the community. They settled all minor matters of crime or dispute. Only the more serious cases needed to go before the vizier’s court.

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Much of our information comes from the workmen who buried in pyramid Tombs. The tombs which surround Deir El Medina Luxor. One of the early inhabitants of the village was an architect and foreman. It was during the reigns of Thutmose III to Amenhotep III. He named Kha. His intact burial was one of the major archaeological discoveries in the village. It found in 1906 and now reconstructed in the Turin Museum. His tomb contained high quality burial goods. It including tomb furnishings, jewelry, papyri and pottery and bronze vessels. In the houses themselves many objects have found. It including baskets or pots containing foodstuffs and cosmetic products. They which tell us about the lives of these families.

Many textural documents and stories have found at Deir El Medina in the form of papyri and Ostraca. There is a huge pit at the northern end of the Deir. It is beyond the Ptolemaic temple, in which thousands of Ostraca found. Moreover, it contained letters, records of births, deaths and marriages. It also included many aspects of religion and law about the inhabitants. There seems to have been quite a high level of literacy in Deir El Medina. It is especially among the women. Women would have had the responsibility of running the household. It was when their husbands were away working. The demise of the workmen’s village came about at the end of Dynasty XX. It was during a period of turmoil and civil war. The inhabitants moved into a new village.

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It was within the walls of nearby Medinet Habu protect them from Libyan attack. The village of Deir El Medina abandoned to the desert. Only the temples and shrines continued to visited. By the end of Dynasty XX the remaining workmen were under the “protection” of the high priests of Amun. It was at Medinet Habu. It was before the instability of the Third Intermediate Period brought about the end of an era. During the Ptolemaic Period a Temple of Hathor constructed at the northern end of Deir El Mednia. It was on the site of earlier remains. In fact, it converted into a Coptic church and monastery. Deir El Medina Luxor was also the site of an important Graeco Roman cemetery. The workmen’s village lay buried by sand. It was until it found by Ernesto Schiaparelli following the discovery of the tomb of Kha.

How to get to Deir El Medina Luxor:

Deir El Medina situated behind the hill. The hill separates the modern villages of Qurnet Murai and Sheikh Abd El Qurna. It is around 10 minutes walk from the Antiquities Inspectorate. The village usually approached today from the southern end. Only entrance to the main street allowed. Ticket includes entrance to Deir El Medina and the tombs of Sennedjem. It also includes Inherkau and the Temple of Hathor. It costs 30 Egyptian pound from the main ticket office. An extra ticket needed for the tomb of Peshedu.

Dimeh Al Siba Fayoum tours, booking, prices, reviews

Dimeh Al Siba Fayoum is around 8 km south of Qasr El Sagha, towards Qarun’s Lake. In fact, the site is of the Graeco-Roman town of Soknopaiou Nesos. Today, it known as Dimai, or Dimeh El Siba. The town founded during the Ptolemaic Period. It appears like it built on an earlier neolithic settlement. Its Greek name means “Island of the Crocodile god” but it is doubtful that it was ever an island. The town site is remote which stood on the northern frontier of the Fayoum region. It is as a garrison for the Roman soldiers who protected the area from desert bandits.

Dimeh Al Siba Fayoum site well-preserved with a broad processional way. It known as the “Avenue of Lions”. In fact, it runs from the Gate of Soknopaios down to a quay. The quay located on the edge of the lake. In fact, the quay has two limestone piers and steps on its southern side. Moreover, the houses of the town located on either side of the avenue. They are typical of the multi-stores houses of the period.

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Within the ruins of the town were two temples which stood on a mound. In fact, they contained within mud-brick walls. The northern temple was at the end of the processional way. In fact, it now ruined. It dedicated to Soknopaios, who was a form of the Crocodile god Sobek. Only the stone foundations of this temple remain today. The southern temple constructed of mud-brick and stone and was of a later date.

The mud-brick walls of the town seen from quite a distance away. They are still 10 m high. The site strewn with debris and pot-sherds which cover the whole space of the temple area. A Roman cemetery situated to the south-west of the town. Dimeh Al Siba Fayoum excavated by a team from the University of Michigan in 1931.

Deir El Gabrawi Asyut Egypt tours, prices, booking, reviews

Deir El Gabrawi Asyut is a village which located he east bank of the Nile north of Asyut, Egypt. In fact, Deir El Gabrawi comprises a cemetery of over one hundred rock-cut tombs. The tombs date back to the late Old Kingdom and First Intermediate Period. Moreover, the site contains the burials of powerful provincial governors of the region. Their local deity was Anti, a falcon-headed god of war. Furthermore, the tombs cut into the hillside in two main groups. In fact, they are on on an upper and lower level which linked by stone steps. Some of the high-status officials buried there controlled a large region.

Moreover, they stretch from Deir El Gabrawi Asyut as far as Abydos. Furthermore, they held titles such as “Great Overlord of the Abydene Nome”. The most important tombs on the upper level belong to Ibi and Gawa. Moreover, they also include two high-ranking officials of the early Middle Kingdom. In fact, these tombs maybe open by request. Scenes within the tombs show the owners taking part in religious rites. Moreover, the scenes also show agricultural and industrial activities. In fact, the reliefs from these tombs stolen in the mid-1990. But, they now returned and replaced in their original positions.

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Wall-scenes in the Old Kingdom tombs represent the owners overseeing crafts. Moreover, they also depict agriculture, fishing and hunting. Norman de Garis Davis completed recording work at the Deir. In fact, it was at the beginning of the 20th century for the publication of the tombs. It was on behalf of the Egypt Exploration Fund for their “Archaeological Survey”. In fact, it which begun by Percy Newbury.

How to get to Deir El Gabrawi Asyut:

The site lies on the eastern bank of the Nile opposite the town of Manfalut. Moreover, the village located to the north of Asyut. It is about 385 kilometer from Cairo. So many trains, buses and cars go to Asyut from Cairo daily. You can get one of them to reach Manfalut. Over there, you should cross the Nile with a guide to the site. In fact, the tombs cut into the cliffs on the edge of the desert.